- Is it possible to weld dissimilar plastics?
- https://www.sonics.com/site/assets/files/2951/joint-designs-for-ultrasonic-welding.pdf
- https://green-co.se/s/designa-for-ultraljudssvetsning.pdf
Sharp versus round energy directors
Typical 90 degree energy directs used in some ultrasonic weld joints require the use of Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM). Round energy directs may be appropriate and can be manufactured using traditional machining methods. A study outlines in this article of Assembly Magazine suggests that repeatable and strong welds can be obtained with round energy directors.